Iḥerraqen* n Tegzirt

*harragas

”Γas ma yeqqim-iyi-d yiwen wass deg tudert-iw, ad εerḍeγ ad rewleγ seg tmurt-a”

Tizgzirt d tama ay d-yezgan γef yiri n lebḥeṛ n Tmurt n Leqbayel yerna ula d nettat tuweḍ-itt-id taluft n ”yiḥerraqen”, neγ iminigen-nni iεerrḍen ad zegren lebḥeṛ akk-n ad ṛuḥen γer Tuṛuft (Europe). Am wakk ilmeẓyen n Ldzayer, wid n Tegzirt la tteddren uguren n lexṣ̣aṣ̣ n uqeddic ed lḥif, yerna reglen fell-asen akk yiberdan, dγa γef way-a ara ttargun ad d-afen abrid ay seg ara rewlen u ad ṛuḥen γer tmura anda ay zemren ad afen ugar n ṛṛeḥma. I lmend n way-a, ilmeẓyen-a wejden ad xedmen kulci akk-n ad ffγen seg tmurt-a ay deg ur d-yeggri ara akk ussirem.

Qrib aseggas ay-a, lliγ deg Tegzirt, la ttqeṣ̣ṣ̣ireγ ed yiwen n umeddakel-iw d aqdim, isem-is Mohand. Sakk-in, yusa-d yiwen n weqcic ara yesεun azal n tlatin n yiseggasen, u iwehha-iyi-d am win yebγan ad iyi-d-yini ma ulac aγilif ad iyi-tejjeḍ ad ssiwleγ ed Mohand. Jjiγ Mohand ed weqcic-nni. Mi fuken awal, Mohand yenna-iyi-d : ”Teẓriḍ d acu ay yebγa γer-i weqcic-nni ?”. Nniγ-as : ”D acu ?”. Yenna-iyi-d : ”Yessutter-iyi-d ad as-d-nadiγ γef kra n terbaεt ara t-iεawnen ad yinig d aḥerraq”.

Sseqdaγ Mohand γef weqcic-nni seg wansi-t, yenna-iyi-d yezdeγ deg Leεzayeb (Lazaib), d yiwet n taddart iqerben γer Tegzirt. Aqcic-nni yessutter seg Mohand ad as-d-yaf tarbaεt yessezgaren lebḥeṛ i yiḥerraqen acku yeẓra belli Mohand yezdeγ deg yiwet n taddart ay d-yezgan γef yiri n lebḥeṛ yerna iqeddec deg Delles, d tamdint ay d-iqerben γer Tegzirt yerna tesεa asagen (port).

Seg mi ay iṛuḥ weqcic-nni, neqqel nekk ed Mohand la nessawal kan γef temsalt-a. ”Ad as-tgeḍ lemzeyya-a ?” ay t-sseqsaγ. ”Nekk nniγ-as belli ur ssineγ acemma deg temsalt-a”, u yerna-d belli ”ula ma zemreγ ad t-εawneγ neγ ad as-mleγ amek ara yeg, werjin ad iyi-ihenni lbal-iw, acku abrid-a yezmer ad t-yessiweḍ γer lmut-is”.

Seg yimir-nni, ameddakel-iw iban-iyi-d amzun yeḥzen yerna εerqent-as akk : ”D ay-n ur t-ttamneḍ. Ur d-yeqqim wacemma deg tmurt-a. Mi ara twaliḍ ilmeẓyen uwḍen alama ara ttxemmimen ad gen tiγawsiwin iweεṛen am ti, γas ẓer belli timetti (société) la tettedder taluft d tameqrant ... Ilemẓi-nni yenna-iyi-d belli yegzem akk assirem yerna ay-a yeqreḥ-iyi aṭas”. Aqcic-nni yenna-as i Mohand : ”Deg leεnaya-k, εawen-iyi, malleγ iman-iw, bγiγ ad geγ akk ay-n zemreγ akk-n ad rewleγ seg tmurt-a”. Seg wass-nni, εerḍeγ ad nadiγ igar γef temsalt-a ara itteddun akk-n ad tḥaz ugar n yelmeẓyen, sya ar sdat.

Kra n wussan sakk-in, εerḍeγ ad qeṣ̣ṣ̣reγ ed Samir, d ameddakel niḍen ara yettxemmimen ad yerwel seg tmurt. Samir yesεa 34 n yiseggasen, maca netta ur la yettxemmim ara ad yerwel seg lebḥeṛ, wanag γer-s acḥal n yiseggasen ay-a seg wasmi ara yettnadi lbiza. Netta la yessaram ad yerwel s webrid-nni n menwala : ad as-d-fken lbiza n umerreḥ, sakk-in mi yuweḍ γer Fṛansa ur d-itteqqel ara u ad inadi amek ara yeqqim din. Samir ulac d acu ur yeεriḍ ara akk-n ad d-yawey lbiza, maca ur yessaweḍ ara.

”Giγ akk ay-n zemreγ, nudaγ γef wakk wid ay yettεawanen medden akk-n ad tt-id-awyen, yerna εerḍeγ ad tt-id-aγeγ ula s yedrimen, s 18 n yimelyunen [180.000 n yidinaṛen]” ay aγ-d-yenna Samir. Deg wudem-ines, yettban-d leḥzen ed εeyyu, γas akk-n Samir iqeddec γer yiman-is, ur yeqqim ara. Yal aseggas yettεeddin u netta mazal-it deg tmurt-a yettarra-t yeḥzen ugar. Deg 2000, iṛuḥ yekka ayyur deg Paris, sakk-in yeqqel-d, maca ass-a, yendem aṭas acimi ay d-yeqqel. ”Asmi ay εerḍeγ ad qqleγ, sdeffir n useggas n 2000, reglen akk tiwwura fell-i, yerna ur ẓriγ ayγer”. Ssqeḍ-nni ay yesqeḍ akk-n ad iṛuḥ γer Fṛansa ed ccwal ay icewwel deg lbal-ines jjan-t sḍeεfen-t yerna yeqqel la yettxemmim belli ur yesεi ara zzheṛ. Mi as-d-nebder iḥerraqen i Samir, yenna-aγ-d belli netta ur yezmir ad isebbel iγef-ines taswiεt-a, u ad yezger lebḥeṛ am nitni. Γas akk-n yeḥzen, Samir mazal la iεerreḍ ad yeḥkem deg yiman-is u ad itteddu s ṣ̣ṣ̣wab, yerna alama d asmi ara yaweḍ γer Fṛansa ara yerwel. Mi nesseqsa Samir ma d tidet llan yiḥerraqen deg Tegzirt neγ ala, netta yenna-aγ-d d tidet llan. ”Ih, medden akk ẓran belli yella yiwen n uẓeḍḍa (réseau) gar Tegzirt ed Delles, yettεawan iḥerraqen. Yagi, sliγ, deg wussan-a iεeddan belli tettwaṭṭef yiwet n terbaεt n yelmeẓyen n Tegzirt deg Delles”, ay aγ-d-yenna.

Sakk-in Samir yebder-aγ-d yiwen n yilemẓi d anersam (aḥeffaf) ay izemren ad aγ-d-yefk ugar n ttfaṣ̣il γef temsalt n uẓeḍḍa-a (réseau) yesserwalen iḥerraqen, maca mi neεreḍ ad t-nemlil, Samir yenna-aγ belli yegguma acku yugad, maca ur neẓri ara d acu ay d ssebba n tugdi-ines. Ay-a akk yeḍra deg wezgen amezwaru n wayyur n Yunyu iεeddan.

Σerḍeγ acḥal n wussan ad d-afeγ amek ara awḍeγ γer yiḥerraqen-a n Tegzirt, maca ur ssawḍeγ ara. Yal tikkelt ay deg ara εerḍeγ, ttṛuḥuγ ad nadiγ fell-asen deg usagen-nni (port) amaynut n ṣ̣ṣ̣yada ed umerreḥ n Tegzirt. Din ay nella la nessaram ad d-naf wid ara aγ-iεawnen ad d-nebdu tasestant-nneγ (enquête). Yal tikkelt ay deg ara nnadi γef yiwen, ad yeggami ad yessiwel id-neγ γef temsalt-a, yerna γas ma llan yelmeẓyen la iqebblen ad ssiwlen fell-as, mi ara ẓren belli nekk d aneγmas (amesjeṛnan), ttagaden ad d-ssiwlen acku ugaden lemmer ad d-yettwakcef way-n la ssefrayen ad t-gen yerna ad

xeṣ̣ren leḥsabat-nsen.

Sin wayyuren sakk-in, deg tezwara n Ctembeṛ iεeddan, rekbeγ deg yiwet n tkeṛṛust la tt-inehheṛ Massinissa, dγa yefka-d zzheṛ-nneγ yiwen n yilemẓi n 24 n yiseggasen, yessen-aγ, dγa yuli-d id-neγ, u nebda-d id-s awal. ”D tidet la tqedcceḍ deg tγamsa (presse) ?” , ay iyi-d-yenna weqcic-nni, dγa nniγ-as ”Ih”. ”Ihi ayγer ur tnudaḍ ara ad teffγeḍ seg tmurt-a, yerna kenwi s yineγmasen (imesjeṛnanen) tzemrem ad d-tawim lbiza s tefses”. ”Ur ẓriγ ara ... I kecc, ayγer tebγiḍ ad tṛuḥeḍ ?”. Massinissa ed weqcic-nni ṭṭerḍqen seg teḍsa imi ay ten-yessewhem usseqsi-inu. ”D ay-n ibanen ad nadiγ ad rewleγ. Γas ma yeqqim-iyi-d yiwen wass deg tudert-iw, ad εerḍeγ ad rewleγ seg tmurt-a, yerna ur d-tteqqleγ ara”. Imir-nni yeḥma wawal ed weqcic-nni ladγa imi ay d-yelfa belli d yiwen seg wid yebγan ad inigen war (bla) lekwaγeḍ. Uqbel ma msefraqeγ ed yelmeẓyen-nni, ssuttreγ-asen uṭṭunen-nsen n tilifun.

Timlilit-inu tis snat ed Massinissa tella-d deg yiwet seg ssehṛat n tgara n wayyur n Remḍan, deg taddart-ines, deg Mizrana. Mi neqqim deg tkeṛṛust, sin-nni yelmeẓyen wukud lliγ gren tamawt mi d-ddmeγ tazmamt akk-n ad aruγ tinqiḍin. ”Ulac aγilif ma uriγ ?”. ”Ala, awi-d lukan ma turiḍ ay-n ara ak-nini mi ara aγ-d-tesseqsiḍ” ay iyi-d-nnan deg sin. Massinissa yebda la d-iḥekku γef wakk lesrar n yiḥerraqen n Tegzirt. Aqcic-a yeccuṛen d tudert la yessawal s leḥṛaṛa yerna yal tikkelt ay deg ara d-yenṭeq ad yeswecter s yifassen-is, d ay-a ay d-yemmalen belli mi ara yessawal γef temsalt-a, awalen ttalin-as-d seg wul.

Deg tazwara, iqcicen-nni ḥkan-iyi-d γef yiwen n weqcic isem-is Sofiane, d tizzyiwin netta ed Massinissa. Sofiane d ilemẓi yellan la iqeddec ed waytmaten-is deg yiwet n tḥanut deg Tegzirt. Ur yessuggut ara awal yerna iḥemmel takurt n uḍar ed JSK.

Sofiane yedder ass-a deg Fṛansa. Asmi yekker ad iṛuḥ, yuγ-d tasektut n usafag (billet d’avion) γer Surya deg tezwara n wayyur n Yulyu iεeddan. Wid yettṛuḥun γer Surya ttrusun deg Ṭ̣ṭalyan akk-n ad beddlen asafag. Imir-n ay ifuṛes Sofiane akk-n ad yerwel u ad iεeddi seg Ṭ̣ṭalyan γer Fṛansa. Asmi ay iṛuḥ Sofiane, ddan id-s 9 n yelmeẓyen niḍen n tama-ines. Tlata seg-sen ttwaṭṭfen, kecmen γer lḥebs yerna γerrqen-ten-id. D acu kan, sεan zzheṛ imi tisurag-nsen (passeports) ur tent-ḍbiεen ara s ḍḍabeε-nni ara ten-imenεen ad εawden ad ffγen seg tmurt, dγa mazal zemren ad εerḍen ad ṛuḥen γer lbeṛṛani. Ma d sebεa-nni niḍen, ssawḍen ad rewlen u ṛuḥen γer Marseille.

Sofiane, mi yuweḍ γer Fṛansa, yella yejreḥ, yerna yekcem γer sbiṭar, yeqqim din acḥal n wussan. Γef leḥsab n lexbar aneggaru ay d-yuwḍen fell-as, yeqqel yeḥla yerna yufa-d aqeddic.

Massinissa yelmed seg ḍḍerf alama ay d ḍḍerf abrid-nni n trewla n Surya, dγa iεawed-iyi-t-id war (bla) akukru : ”Tamezwarut, yessefk ad d-taγeḍ tasektut (billet) γer Surya, ay-a fessus imi tasektut-nni teswa 56000 n yidinaṛen. Asafag-nni (avion) yettrusu deg Ṭ̣ṭalyan γef 2:00. Imir-n ay yessefk yiwen ad ifaṛes ad yerwel γer Tuṛuft (Europe)”. ”Mi ara tiliḍ deg unafag (aéroport) n Roma, yessefk ad taliḍ γer ṣ̣ṣ̣deḥ. Ad d-tafeḍ tawwurt uṭṭun B24, dγa yessefk ad tt-terẓeḍ. Mi ara d-teffγeḍ seg uzaduγ-nni (bâtiment), yessefk ad tεeddiḍ γef yiwen n ussefreg n yileẓwi bu tuccar. Akk-n ur tjerrḥeḍ ara iman-ik, kkes takebbuḍt-inek (veste) terrseseḍ-tt γef ussefreg-nni. Yagi, din ara yili Sofiane yejreḥ iman-is. Mi ara d-teffγeḍ syenna, yella yiwen n ssuq iεemmeṛ yal ass n ttlata. Deg wezniq-nni ulac aṭas n tεessast. Sakk-in, yessefk ad trekbeḍ deg tmacint ara k-yawyen γer Marseille”, ay aγ-d-yeḥka.

Imi ay ggten wid irewwlen akk-a, iduba (autorités) n Ṭ̣ṭalyan gren-d iman-nsen yerna sjehden taεessast. Dγa yeqqel tura d awezγi γef yiwen ad yerwel imi imsukal (voyageurs) yettbeddilen asafag (avion) ttawyen-ten γer tzeγwin (salles) anda ay γellqen fell-asen yerna ttεassan-ten s lqerb.

Iqcicen-nni ay sseqsaγ ssawlen-iyi-d daγen γef wasmi ay εerḍen ad rewlen s teflukt deg lebḥeṛ, deg usagen (port) n Delles ay d-yezgan deg lγerb n Tegzirt u yebεed fell-as s 26 n yikilumitren. 

”Neεreḍ akk ed yiwet n terbaεt n yelmeẓyen ad nerwel s teflukt deg lebḥeṛ, akk-n ttgen yiḥerraqen, yerna yal yiwen seg-neγ yella yessefk ad ixelleṣ̣ 80.000 n yidinaṛen. Yella yiwen yessenz-aγ-d. Ass-nni ay deg ara nṛuḥ, tarbaεt-nni yellan tettεassa beddlen-tt-id s terbaεt niḍen” ay aγ-d-yeḥka Massinissa.” Ilmeẓyen-nni ay yellan la tteddun ad zegren lebḥeṛ msewwaqen ed sin yemdanen. Γef leḥsab n Massinissa, yiwen seg-sen yenna-as i umeddakel-ines : ” Tṭelleεhum l-Spanya xir melli tṭelleεhum l-lejbel”, anamek-ines ”Ttif ad ten-tessawliḍ γer Spenyul wala ad ten-tessaliḍ γer wedrar, anda ara qqlen d irebraben”.

Massinissa yenna-aγ-d belli llan la ssefrayen ad asen-szegren lebḥeṛ s yiwet n teflukt ijehden ara ten-yessiwḍen alama d tigzirt n Majorca. Sakk-in, ad asen-d-qqimen kan 80 n yikilumitren akk-n ad awḍen γer temdint taspenyulit tamezwarut, d acu kan, akk-n ad kemmlen abrid-nsen, yessefk ad rnun ad xellṣ̣en 200 n weuroten.

Iqcicen-nni nnan-iyi-d belli yiwen yezmer ad yezger lebḥeṛ γer Tuṛuft (Europe) ula seg usagen (port) n Tegzirt, γas akk-n ur neẓri ara ma d tidet way-a neγ ala. Γef leḥsab-nsen, win yebγan ad yeg ay-a yessefk ad ixelleṣ̣ 16 n yimelyunen [160.000 n yidinaṛen]. Wid ara asen-yeszegren lebḥeṛ qqaren-asen ad ten-ssiwḍen γer yiwen n wemkan ibeεden. Mi ara awḍen γer tlemmast n lebḥeṛ, ad d-yaweḍ yiwen n uγerrabu (lbabuṛ) meγγren ugar, d win ara asen-ikemmlen abrid.  Γef wakk-n ay iyi-d-nnan sin-nni n yeqcicen, llan aṭas n yelmeẓyen n Tegzirt ay yebγan ad εerḍen zzheṛ-nsen deg temsalt-a, γas akk-n zemren ad mmten.

Uqbel ma msefraqeγ id-sen, sin-nni n yeqcicen nnan-iyi-d belli εewwlen ad sqedcen akk ttawilat yellan akk-n ad rewlen seg tmurt-a. ”Tamurt-a yuwey-itt wasif. Γas ma mazal-iyi yiwen wass ad t-ddreγ, ala tifin ara d-afeγ amek ara rewleγ” ay d-yenna Hakim, ameddakel n Massinissa.

Asmi ay qrib ad fakeγ tasestant-inu (enquête), uwḍen-iyi-d yisalan (lexbarat) sya u sya γef yiḥerraqen niḍen. Yella ula d yiwen isem-is Remdane, yewεed-iyi ad iyi-d-yeg anermis (contact) ed yiwet n terbaεt seg wid yessezgaren lebḥeṛ u qeddcen deg Delles : ”Fehmeγ ayγer ay mallen yelmeẓyen-nneγ. Nekk d argaz ijewjen, sεiγ igerdan yerna lemmer ad afeγ amek ara rewleγ, ad rewleγ war (bla) akukru”, ay iyi-d-yenna Ramdane yesεan 36 n yiseggasen.

Mi ara tiliḍ gar yelmeẓyen-a yettnadin ad rewlen, tamsalt n yiḥerraqen tetteqqel d lbaḍna n ayt tessirt, meḥsub d sser ay ssnen akk medden. Yerna simal ttnadiγ ad fehmeγ tamsalt-a, simal yettban-iyi-d belli ziγ tarewla s webrid n lebḥeṛ d axeṣ̣ṣ̣ar ay iḥuzan amur ameqran seg yelmeẓyen n Tegzirt.

Lemmer ur yettili ara ussirem, yerna lemmer tamurt-nneγ ur tetteg ara kra n ”uγawas (plan) n Marshall” ay yes ara tebded s tidet i yelmeẓyen, axeṣ̣ṣ̣ar-a yezmer ad yernu u ad yeswaγ s tidet ilmeẓyen-nneγ, wid ay yes yessefk Ldzayer-nneγ ad tefṛeḥ imi d nitni ay d azekka-ines.

Seg La Dépêche de Kabylie n 28 Tubeṛ 2007, uṭṭun 1644

Sγur Mourad Hammami